Econ 165: International Economics

 

Professor:

Doireann Fitzgerald

Office:

Room 335, Economics Department

Office Hours:

Wednesdays 9 am – 11 am

E-mail:

dfitzger at stanford.edu (please put Econ 165 in the subject line)

 

TA: Todd Schoellman, azyndros at stanford.edu

 

Course description:

The aim of this class is to give students the tools necessary to read critically and understand discussions of international trade and macroeconomic policy found in popular media such as The Economist magazine, the Wall Street Journal and the Financial Times. The course is organized around several questions of current interest to policy makers, business leaders and the general public. It covers selected basic models in international trade and international macroeconomics relevant to these questions. Recent research on the empirical and practical relevance of these models is also discussed.

 

Prerequisites:

Econ 50, 51, 52.

 

Course schedule and location: Monday, Wednesday, 1.15pm – 3.05pm in Econ 140.

Final exam: Friday December 15th, 8.30am – 11.30am. If you cannot make this time, do

not take this class.

 

Assessment:

There will be five problem sets (20%) two midterms (20% each) and a final exam

(40%). In marginal cases, class participation will be taken into account.

 

Readings:

The main textbook for the class is International Economics: Theory and Policy, 7th

edition, by Krugman and Obstfeld (K&O). Additional required readings will be posted on

the class webpage. Some recommended readings will be taken from Pop Internationalism

by Paul Krugman, Free Trade Under Fire (2nd edition) by Douglas Irwin and

Foundations of International Macroeconomics, by Maurice Obstfeld and Kenneth Rogoff

(O&R). These texts are on reserve at the library. Other recommended readings and

resources will be made available through links on the class webpage.

 

Discussions:

Where noted, the last 15 minutes of class will be devoted to general discussion of a set

topic of current interest. If you do no other reading, at least do the readings to prepare

for these discussions! I will call on students at random to participate in the discussion

(cold calling). What you say in the discussion will not affect your grade. Unexplained

absences, however, may count against you.

 

Webpage: Available through http://coursework.stanford.edu

Frequently asked questions

How much math is used in this course?

Familiarity with basic calculus is assumed. No accommodation will be made for students

that do not have this familiarity.

 

How much reading should I do?

Required readings have been kept to a minimum. Discussion readings are also required,

and should be done before the class for which they are assigned. If you are particularly

interested in a topic, you are invited to explore the recommended readings.

 

Do I have to go to section?

Section is compulsory. Attendance will be taken. Where indicated, the TA will cover new material. The TA will also go through the solutions to the previous problem set, and discuss any questions you have on problem sets, readings or lectures.

 

Can my friends and I work together on the problem sets?

Yes. The problem sets are intended to be learning experiences, so feel free to work in groups. However you may find it useful to attempt the problems on your own before working with others. Each student must submit their own problem set solutions. Doing the problem sets is the best way to prepare for the exams. If you copy another student’s answers without understanding the material, your exam performance will suffer.

 

How are the problem sets graded?

The problem sets are graded on a scale of check plus, check, check minus and zero (if no problem set is handed in). Legibility is important. Typewritten problem sets are much appreciated. Where appropriate, graphs (drawn by hand) are very useful.

 

Can I turn a problem set in late?

No. Problem sets turned in after the deadline (12 noon) will not be graded.

 

What if I cannot take one of the midterms?

There will be no make up exams. You should contact me in advance if you cannot make a midterm.

 

What material will be covered on the midterms?

The first midterm will cover the material from the first part of the quarter. The second midterm will cover only the material from the second part of the quarter.

 

What do I do if a mistake was made in grading my midterm?

After a midterm is returned, you will have one week to contact your TA with problems or concerns. Beyond this deadline, no complaints will be entertained.

 

What material will be covered on the final?

The final will cover material from the entire quarter, weighted towards the final part.

 


Week 1

 

Lecture 1: Monday 25th September 2006

 

Topic: Introduction

1. What is international economics?

2. Motivating facts and questions

3. Review of budget sets, utility maximization and demand.

Key concepts: Diminishing marginal rate of substitution; Relative demand

Required reading:

Recommended reading:

  • Hal Varian: Intermediate Microeconomics 7th edition, Chapters 2-6 (or similar material in an alternative intermediate micro textbook).
  • Douglas Irwin: Free Trade Under Fire, Chapter 1.

 

Lecture 2: Wednesday 27th September 2006

 

Topic: Endowment economies I

1. Aggregation over consumers – some useful results with homothetic preferences

2. Free trade vs autarky in a 2-good small open endowment economy

3. A 2-country 2-good endowment world

Key concepts: Homothetic preferences; Terms of trade; Perfect competition; Small open economy; Gains from trade; Comparative advantage

Required reading:

  • Class notes

Recommended reading:

 

Section: No section this week

 


Week 2

 

Lecture 3: Monday 2nd October 2006

 

Topic: Endowment economies II

1. Analysis of gains from trade using the Edgeworth Box

2. Evidence on trade liberalization and relative prices from Japan and the US

3. The redistributive effects of trade

4. Introduction to economies with production

Key concepts: Pareto efficiency; Contract curve

Required reading:

  • Class notes

Recommended reading:

Discussion topic: Should trade policy be used as a tool for domestic redistribution?

Discussion reading:

 

Lecture 4: Wednesday 4th October 2006 – First problem set due

 

Topic: The standard trade model (introducing production)

1. Economies with production

2. The effect of terms-of-trade changes in the short and long run

3. Evidence on trade liberalization, shifts in production and welfare

4. What explains changes in the terms-of-trade

Key concepts: Production possibility frontier; Immiserizing growth

Required reading:

  • K&O Chapter 5

Recommended reading:

  • Hal Varian: Intermediate Microeconomics 7th edition, Chapter 32
  • Douglas Irwin: Free Trade Under Fire, Chapters 2 and 3.

 

Section: Trade policy

Reading: Robert Baldwin (1989), “The Political Economy of Trade Policy,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 3 (4), 119-135.

 


Week 3

 

Lecture 5: Monday 9th October 2006

 

Topic: Ricardo I

1. Introduction to technology and production

2. 2-good small open Ricardian economy

3. 2-good 2-country Ricardian world

Key concepts: Factors of production; Production function; Marginal rate of transformation; Constant returns to scale; Unit input requirements; Relative supply; Absolute advantage

Required reading:

Discussion topic: Does China’s growth hurt the US?

Discussion reading:

 

Lecture 6: Wednesday 11th October 2006 – Second problem set due

 

Topic: Ricardo II

1. Gains from trade in the 2-good 2-country model

2. Wages in the 2-good 2-country model

3. Sketch of a more general model

4. Evidence on the Ricardian view of the world

5. What the Ricardian model cannot explain

Key concepts: Derived demand

Required reading:

  • K&O Chapter 3, pages 40-47

Recommended reading:

 

Section: Review for first midterm

 


Week 4

 

Lecture 7: Monday 16th October 2006

 

Topic: Specific factors model

1. More about production

2. Autarky in the specific factors model

3. A small open econonomy with specific factors

4. Distribution of gains from trade

5. Application: the trade and wages debate

6. Political economy of trade policy

Key concepts: Marginal product; Diminishing marginal product

Required reading:

  • Class notes

Recommended reading:

  • Hal Varian: Intermediate Microeconomics 7th edition, Chapter 18

Discussion topic: Are sweatshops good for workers in developing countries?

Discussion reading:

  • Paul Krugman: “In Praise of Cheap Labor,” Slate, March 1997.
  • Nicholas Kristof in the NYT (you can find this through Lexis-Nexis if you don’t have a New York Times subscription)

 

Lecture 8: Wednesday 18th October 2006 First midterm exam (1 hour)

 

Topic: Increasing-returns-driven specialization I

1. Motivation: Evidence on intra-industry trade, trade between similar countries

2. What are increasing returns/ economies of scale?

Key concepts: Imperfect competition; Differentiated products; Increasing returns to scale

Required reading:

  • K&O Chapter 6, pages 110-113

Recommended reading:

  • Hal Varian: Intermediate Microeconomics 7th edition, Chapter 18

 

Section: Immigration and inequality in the US

Reading: The Economist: “Myths and Migration”

 


Week 5

 

Lecture 9: Monday 23rd October 2006

 

Topic: Increasing-returns-driven specialization II

1. Imperfect competition – monopoly

2. Imperfect competition – monopolistic competition

3. Gains from trade

Key concepts: Profit maximization; Pure monopoly; Monopolistic competition; Fixed costs; Markups; Free entry

Required reading:

  • K&O Chapter 6, pages 110-130

Recommended reading:

 

Lecture 10: Wednesday 25th October 2006

 

Topic: Increasing returns III; Trade and development

1. Evidence on trade liberalization and variety

2. External economies and the agglomeration of economic activity

3. Infant industry protection – theory and evidence

4. The evidence on trade liberalization, trade and growth

Key concepts: External economies; Path dependence

Required reading:

  • K-O, Chapter 6, pages 136-143 and Chapter 10

Recommended reading:

Discussion: Should developing countries embrace free trade?

Discussion reading:

·         Dani Rodrik, “Globalization for Whom?” Harvard Magazine, Jul-Aug 2002.

·         The Economist, “More or Less Equal?”

 

Section: Review of national income accounting in an open economy

Reading: Greg Mankiw: Macroeconomics 5th edition, Chapter 5, Sections 1 and 2


Week 6

 

Lecture 11: Monday 30th October 2006 – Third problem set due

 

Topic: Intertemporal trade I

1. A small 2-period endowment economy

2. The role of government consumption

3. Adding investment to the model

Key concepts: Intertemporal preferences; Discount factor; Interest rate; Trade balance; Current account

Required reading:

  • K&O Chapter 12
  • Class notes

Recommended reading:

  • O&R Chapter 1, Sections 1 and 2
  • Hal Varian: Intermediate Microeconomics 7th edition, Chapter 10

 

Lecture 12: Wednesday 1st November 2006

 

Topic: Intertemporal trade II

1. More on the small 2-period economy with investment

2. A 2-region world economy

Key concepts: Elasticity of intertemporal substitution

Required reading:

  • Class notes

Recommended reading:

Discussion: Is the US current account deficit sustainable?

Discussion reading:

 

Section: Review of insurance and incentive compatibility

Reading: Hal Varian: Intermediate Microeconomics 7th edition, Chapter 12, Chapter 37, section 7

 


Week 7

 

Lecture 13: Monday 6th November 2006  Fourth problem set due

 

Topic: Sovereign debt I

1. A 2-state model with full commitment

2. Absence of commitment

3. Lack of commitment and sanctions

4. Why do countries repay their debts?

5. Investment and sanctions

Required reading:

  • Class notes

Recommended reading:

  • O&R Chapter 6, Sections 1 and 2
  • Hal Varian: Intermediate Microeconomics 7th edition, Chapter 12, Chapter 37, section 7

 

Lecture 14: Wednesday 8th November 2006

 

Topic: Sovereign debt II

1. Investment and sanctions – debt overhang

2. Debt buybacks

Required reading:

  • Class notes

Recommended reading:

Discussion: Should we forgive Third World debt?

Discussion reading: